Farm borrowing in the UK

Farm borrowing in the UK has doubled in the last decade and at the end of October 2015 stood at £17.7bn but with interest rates at historically low levels, is now the moment to consider fixing rates for at least some of your long term borrowing?

This is a notoriously difficult question to answer and one on which I am not qualified to advise but what is for certain is that the long term fixed rates which are currently on offer are well below anything I have seen in my 25 year career.

Having said that, those borrowers who have stuck with variable rate loans over the last 6 or 7 years will have generally fared better than those on fixed rate loans. This is because base rates have remained fixed at 0.5 % since 2009 then fallen to 0.25% in the wake of the BREXIT referendum and while there is still potential that rates could fall further one may question why one should consider fixing one’s borrowing at all.

Well, the primary advantage of fixing rates is that you “know where you are” in terms of repayments over the fixed term of the loan. To some borrowers this is a great comfort for budgeting purposes and it outweighs the higher interest rates that are usually charged for fixed rather than variable rate loans at any one time.

However, one cannot help feeling that if a business cannot afford the low rates that are currently being offered on fixed rate loans then the business should perhaps not be borrowing the money in the first place.

Indeed it seems we are in uncharted economic waters and with interest rates and inflation remaining low, this means that the value of any money that is borrowed today will not be eroded in real terms by the effects of inflation as it was in the 1970s and 80s for example. Therefore currently, it is not so much the interest payments but the capital repayments that represent the most significant element of repaying one’s debt.

But, this era of low interest rates and low inflation may not last forever and one may rue the day that one did not take advantage of the long term fixed rates currently on offer. 

Therefore now maybe a good moment to consult your financial advisor to see what offers are out there, whether that be borrowing from one of the High Street Banks or specialist agricultural lending institutions such as the Agricultural Mortgage Corporation.

Finally whatever decision you do make you must be sure to understand the terms of your loan and in particular where fixed rate loans are concerned you need to appreciate the potential redemption charges that may apply if you want to repay a loan early.

James Stephen MRICS FAAV
Partner
Rural Practice Chartered Surveyor, Wells
T: 01749 683381
E: james.stephen@carterjonas.co.uk

EU referendum - Impact on the land market

Arable farmers in particular are desperate to see more sun because sunshine at this time of year is so important to help their crops yield heavily.

June was a relatively dull month and July did not look summery till this week so there are concerns that yields will be down on last year, which is almost inevitable because last year was in general a bumper harvest - albeit crop prices were low. 

On the upside the weakening pound following the EU referendum has helped protect UK farmers from recent falls in wheat prices on world markets as UK wheat has become comparatively cheap. 

This weakening of sterling on the foreign exchange markets is generally good news for farmers because it makes imports more expensive and UK exports more competitive.  This has generally helped UK commodity prices such as beef, lamb or cereal. 

Indeed the exchange rate is probably the single most important factor impacting on the profitability of farmers in the UK and so in the short term at least, the effect of the referendum is good news although the longer term impacts of an exit from the EU is far more difficult to predict.

So what impact is all this uncertainty having on the land market?  Well, early indications are that Brexit has had little if any immediate effect.  Having seen a surge in land values over the last decade, farmland prices had started to ease a little over the last six months as the impact of the massive slump in commodity prices affected farm incomes. 

But with commodity prices firming a little and concern that other commercial and residential asset values are likely to slip, farmland may once again become a more attractive investment for farmers and investors alike.

And with interest rates looking destined to fall this is making borrowing money as cheap as I have ever seen.  For example fixed term rates of up to seven years offered by the Agricultural Mortgage Company have fallen below the Bank of England Base Rate, which must surely indicate that the money markets are anticipating a rate cut.

So, in the short term the outlook for farming has become a little brighter and lets hope our late arriving summer weather stays.

James Stephen MRICS FAAV
Partner
Rural Practice Chartered Surveyor, Wells
T: 01749 683381
E: james.stephen@carterjonas.co.uk

Negative split times

Will Mooney, Carter Jonas partner and head of commercial and professional services in the eastern region, feels the economic recovery is now a marathon not a sprint.

No athlete myself, I am, however, familiar with runners’ focus – which can border on obsession – on their negative split times. My familiarity extends no further than knowing that, in essence, this means finishing a run faster than you started while acknowledging that there might be a sag in the middle.

Look at coverage of and comment on the Bank of England’s latest Inflation Report and it could be concluded that the UK is in that sag. We definitely started this post-recession recovery slowly and we gathered pace in the past 18 months. While we know we’ll get there in the end, the doom and gloom first glance coverage of the prospect of deflation is enough to bring the Eeyore out in any of us whose natural disposition doesn’t tend toward the Tigger at the best of times.

But the prospect of a fall in UK interest rates to the point of a negative rate was laid out in conditional terms by Governor Carney. Interest rates might fall but could rise and banking sector activity would suggest a tendency to expect the latter. Last year, we bemoaned the prospect of the rise of interest rates and many people adjusted their borrowing and spending accordingly merely in anticipation of something that has yet to happen or might not happen for a good while yet.

Financial markets don’t deal in something called futures for nothing.

The current weakness of the price of commodities such as food, oil and energy - as cited by the Bank of England – shouldn’t really be mistaken for debilitating deflation. What goes up must come down and vice versa.

Thinking of the pound in our pockets, may be deflation is not so bad for commodities in the way it is for consumer durables of which the ‘big television’ is used as shorthand. We might put off buying the new big telly but we only bought our old big telly back in the days of easy credit when consumer durables weren’t treated as durable because they were so easily replaced.

But look where that got us?

Day to day consideration of the wider UK economy can be troublesome for those whose business, professional and personal interests are rooted in this region which is so dominated by the success of Cambridge. The latest Centre for Cities report once again confirms the economic pre-eminence of Cambridge among the top ranking cities of the UK. The city scores top marks in the ranking of cities across a range of measures including the lowest number of claimants for Job Seeker’s Allowance (JSA), the highest skilled workers, the most number of patents granted per 100,000 population and the highest house price growth.

It has become normal for Cambridge to occupy these top slots in the Centre for Cities annual rankings but it’s important that this normality shouldn’t be mistaken for complacency. Those of us privileged to live, work and thrive here are acutely aware of the national and international context in which Cambridge succeeds.

There’s talk of economic normality on the horizon for the UK from some commentators but it can be a struggle to recall what that is – if we ever had it in the first place.

Before the next Bank of England inflation report, there will be a General Election and politics and democracy have a habit of interrupting economic programmes.But what do I know? It’s all Greek to me.

Will Mooney MRICS
Partner
Commercial, Cambridge

Rise in interest rates is inevitable

A rise in interest rates is inevitable at some point but Will Mooney, Carter Jonas partner and head of its commercial agency and professional services in the eastern region, wonders how soon is now?

A year ago in these pages I was anticipating the end of the central banks’ monetary stimulus for their economonies. In the case of the Bank of England, it was, at that point, the £375 million worth of quantitive easing.

‘Removing the punchbowl just when the party is getting good’ is the phrase attributed to the Federal Reserve’s longest serving head who first coined it to describe the withdrawal of stimulus. Now there’s another central bank party pooper in the form of the threat of interest rate rises. Or rather, it’s the talk of the threat interest rate rises which is the spectre at the feast.

The Bank of England has held its base interest rate at 0.5 per cent for more than five years. At such a record low level, the only certain way is up. But when? And by how much? Such uncertainty could be damaging at worst but is unhelpful at best.

Since the late 17th Century, governments and, subsequently, the Bank of England have used the cost of borrowing as a means of responding to the economic pressures of the times. In the early years of Margaret Thatcher’s administration, in 1981, interest rates rose to an all-time high of 17 per cent. But that was a time before the great push towards property-ownership which has set itself in the psyche of the British public in the successive three decades to the point where it is commonly accepted as the touchstone of daily, domestic economic prosperity.

Now the 2014 property-owning democracy is incredibly twitchy about any talk of interst rate rises even if they are just going to be incremental by those ‘baby steps’ mooted by some commentators. There’s also a slice of homeowners who’ve moved in to the housing market since 2008 and whose lives are highly-geared around access to finance and low interest rates. There are plenty of other homeowners for whom a time when base rates were always in double figures is a dim and distant memory - if they remember it at all.

There is a view that interest rates are too blunt an instrument to control the complexities of a modern economy. But, in early June, when the European Central Bank slashed its deposit rate to below zero – minus 1 per cent – so it actually will cost commercial banks to keep their money centrally, it must have left many a lay person marvelling at the sophistication of economists, financiers and policy makers. Far from blunt.

In order to avoid the economic - and party political - collateral damage a big hike in interest rates could mean, we’re beginning to see policymakers hint at returning to a time when supply and demand mechanisms were deployed by governments in order to control the economy. Specifically, in 2014 , the housing market.

Measures include the new Mortgage Market Review – the pre-mortgage interview recently introduced where lenders look beyond income to consider household expenditure as a factor before making a mortgage offer. Then in his Mansion House speech, the Chancellor of the Exchequer took his own supply and demand ‘baby steps’ in trying to make councils bring forward brownfield sites for development. There are some who say this should go further and developers should be given the right to build on the green belt.

How far it is politically advisable for the coalition administration to try and control supply-side market conditions with a more hands-on approach remains to be seen.

What would be helpful is certainty. The market doesn’t like uncertainty. Endless speculation about rises in borrowing costs at a time when, in my own commercial property sphere, investors are ready to commit to more than ‘baby step’ investments is probably more harmful than the level at which any actual rise will be pegged.

Will Mooney MRICS
Partner
Commercial, Cambridge